牛津上海版英语四年级重点——单词、句型、语法汇总与分析
教材概览
四年级是小学英语语法全面铺开的阶段:现在进行时正式登场,物主代词语系完整呈现,形容词比较级和名词所有格引入,词汇量继续扩容。
| 模块 | 4A(上) | 4B(下) |
|---|---|---|
| Module 1 | Unit 1 Meeting new people(认识新人) | Unit 1 What can you see?(看与感知) |
| Unit 2 Abilities(能力) | Unit 2 How does it feel?(触觉) | |
| Unit 3 How do you feel?(感受) | Unit 3 Look and see(观察) | |
| Module 2 | Unit 1 Jill’s family(Jill的家人) | Unit 1 Sports(运动) |
| Unit 2 Jobs(职业) | Unit 2 My favourite food(美食) | |
| Unit 3 I have a friend(朋友) | Unit 3 Home life(家庭生活) | |
| Module 3 | Unit 1 In our school(学校) | Unit 1 Days of the week(一周) |
| Unit 2 Around my home(家附近) | Unit 2 Time(时间) | |
| Unit 3 In the shop(商店) | Unit 3 Days and months(日期月份) | |
| Module 4 | Unit 1 A visit to a farm(农场) | Unit 1 Music(音乐) |
| Unit 2 At Century Park(世纪公园) | Unit 2 Festivals in China(中国节日) | |
| Unit 3 Weather(天气) | Unit 3 Story time(故事) |
一、重点单词(分类)
职业
nurse 护士, doctor 医生, teacher 老师, fireman 消防员, policeman 警察, cook 厨师, driver 司机, farmer 农民, pilot 飞行员, shop assistant 店员, worker 工人
感觉与情绪
happy 开心, sad 难过, tired 累, hungry 饿, thirsty 渴, angry 生气, afraid 害怕, brave 勇敢, full 饱
形容词(含反义词对)
thick-thin 厚-薄, long-short 长-短, new-old 新-旧, bright-dark 亮-暗, strong-weak 强-弱, clean-dirty 干净-脏, fast-slow 快-慢, hard-soft 硬-软, sweet-sour 甜-酸
序数词
first 第一, second 第二, third 第三, fourth 第四, fifth 第五, sixth 第六, seventh 第七, eighth 第八, ninth 第九, tenth 第十, eleventh 第十一, twelfth 第十二, twentieth 第二十
月份
January 一月, February 二月, March 三月, April 四月, May 五月, June 六月, July 七月, August 八月, September 九月, October 十月, November 十一月, December 十二月
星期
Sunday 周日, Monday 周一, Tuesday 周二, Wednesday 周三, Thursday 周四, Friday 周五, Saturday 周六
介词(方位)
in 里面, on 上面, under 下面, beside 旁边, behind 后面, in front of 前面, between 之间, near 附近, above 上方
运动
play football 踢足球, play basketball 打篮球, play volleyball 打排球, play table tennis 打乒乓, skip 跳绳, swim 游泳, run 跑步, skate 滑冰
乐器
piano 钢琴, violin 小提琴, guitar 吉他, drum 鼓
校园
classroom 教室, playground 操场, library 图书馆, office 办公室, hall 礼堂, canteen 食堂, toilet 厕所
其他高频词
cousin 表/堂兄弟姐妹, parent 父/母, grandparent 祖父母, neighbour 邻居, gift 礼物
二、重点词组
| 词组 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Nice to meet you. | 很高兴认识你 |
| each other | 互相 |
| a pair of… | 一双/一副…… |
| welcome to… | 欢迎来到…… |
| at weekends | 在周末 |
| on weekdays | 在工作日 |
| half past… | ……点半 |
| a quarter past/to… | 过/差一刻…… |
| have a good time | 玩得开心 |
| take a walk | 散步 |
| do one’s homework | 做作业 |
| go to bed | 上床睡觉 |
三、重点句型
| 句型 | 功能 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| What does he/she do? | 问职业 | He is a doctor. / She is a teacher. |
| How do you feel? | 问感受 | I’m happy. / I’m tired. |
| Whose… is this? | 问归属 | Whose pen is this? It’s mine. |
| What is he/she doing? | 问正在做什么 | He is reading. |
| Is he/she…ing? | 确认正在进行 | Is she swimming? Yes./No. |
| What time is it? | 问时间 | It’s half past eight. |
| What day is it today? | 问星期 | It’s Monday. |
| When is…? | 问日期 | When is your birthday? |
| Which… do you like? | 问选择 | Which fruit do you like? |
| Is it A or B? | 选择疑问 | Is it a dog or a cat? |
| How often…? | 问频度 | How often do you play football? |
| There is/are… doing… | 存在+进行 | There are children playing. |
四、语法要点
1. 现在进行时 ⭐(四年级最重要语法)
- 结构:主语 + be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing
- 用法:表示此刻正在进行的动作
- 肯定:I am reading. / He is swimming. / They are running.
- 否定:I am not reading. / He isn’t swimming.
- 疑问:Are you reading? — Yes, I am. / Is he swimming? — No, he isn’t.
- 特殊疑问:What are you doing? — I’m drawing.
- 时间标志词:now, look, listen, at the moment
2. 动词-ing 变化规则
- 一般 +ing:play → playing, read → reading
- 去不发音 e +ing:write → writing, dance → dancing
- 重读闭音节双写 +ing:run → running, swim → swimming, sit → sitting, skip → skipping
3. 名词性物主代词
- mine(我的), yours(你的/你们的), his(他的), hers(她的), its(它的), ours(我们的), theirs(他们的)
- 区别:形容词性 my/your/his/her 后必须加名词;名词性 mine/yours/his/hers 单独使用
- This is my book. → This book is mine.
- That is her pen. → That pen is hers.
4. 名词所有格
- ‘s 所有格:Tom’s book, the girl’s hat
- s’ 所有格:the boys’ ball, the teachers’ office
- of 所有格:the name of the book
5. 时间表达
- 整点:at eight o’clock
- 半点:half past eight (8:30)
- 一刻:a quarter past eight (8:15), a quarter to nine (8:45)
6. 选择疑问句
- Is it a dog or a cat?
- Which do you like, apples or oranges?
7. 频度副词
- always 总是, usually 通常, often 经常, sometimes 有时, never 从不
- 位置:行为动词前,be 动词后
- He always gets up early.
- She is never late.
五、本年级重点分析
四年级是小学英语语法体系初步成形的阶段。
核心能力要求
- 现在进行时:掌握结构(be+动词ing)和变化规则,是四年级的”招牌”语法
- 名词性物主代词:mine/yours/his/hers 与 my/your/his/her 的区别运用
- 序数词:从 first 到 thirty-first 的拼写和运用(日期表达)
- 时间表达:past/to 时间表达法
- 选择疑问句和频度副词
学习建议
- ⏰ 现在进行时是全部四年级语法的基础,建议大量做句型转换练习
- 🔤 动词-ing 变化:将三类规则各整理一个单词表,反复默写
- 🃏 物主代词对比卡:制作 my-mine, your-yours 对照卡片
- 📅 每日日期问答:What day is it? What’s the date? 每天练
- 📖 抄写范文:四年级开始出现小作文,建议每周抄写 1-2 篇简短范文
四年级开始要求写短句和小段落。如果现在进行时和物主代词没掌握牢固,写作会非常吃力。